No. 54 (2021)
Artículos

Globalización Comercial y Desigualdad: un Análisis con Árboles Clasificadores.

PDF (Español (España)) XML (Español (España)) HTML (Español (España))
  • Ana Cecilia Parada Rojas,
  • Jorge Omar Razo De Anda,
  • Humberto Ríos Bolívar
Ana Cecilia Parada Rojas
Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Jorge Omar Razo De Anda
Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Humberto Ríos Bolívar
Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Bio
Published June 2, 2021

Copyright (c) 2021 Economía teoría y práctica

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Este documento analiza el fenómeno de la desigualdad en el ingreso mediante un enfoque de interacción multidimensional, cuyas dimensiones son componentes derivadas de un proceso de globalización comercial. Para tal propósito, se utiliza una metodología de Redes Complejas, donde la confiabilidad del análisis recae en el proceso de modelado Bootstraping, el cual consiste en discriminar Árboles Clasificadores con base en su eficiencia y estabilidad, construidos a partir de un muestreo aleatorio. Los resultados indican que cambios de desigualdad en el ingreso, derivados de una mayor integración económica, dependen del crecimiento urbano y del estado de derecho en países mayormente agrícolas; en países con un fuerte sector servicios dependen de su capacidad para trasformar su mano de obra calificada en exportaciones de alta tecnología y crecimiento económico.

PDF (Español (España)) XML (Español (España)) HTML (Español (España))

References

  1. Acemoglu, Daron, y James A. Robinson (2013). Why nations fail: The origins of power, prosperity, and poverty. New York: Crown Business. pp. 546. ISBN: 0307719219
  2. Agénor, Pierre-Richard. (2002). Does globalization hurt the poor? The World Bank.
  3. Aghion, Philippe, Eve Caroli, y Cecilia Garcia-Penalosa. (1999). “Inequality and economic growth: The perspective of the new growth theories”. Journal of Economic literature, 37(4): 1615-1660.
  4. Asteriou, Dimitrios, Sophia Dimelis, y Argiro Moudatsou. (2014). “Globalization and income inequality: A panel data econometric approach for the EU27 countries”. Economic modelling, 36: 592-599.
  5. Akerman, Anders, Elhanan Helpman, Oleg Itskhoki, Marc-Andreas Muendler y Stephen Redding. (2013) “Sources of wage inequality”. American Economic Review, 103(3): 214-19.
  6. Alderson, Arthur S., y Francois Nielsen. (2002). “Globalization and the great U-turn: Income inequality trends in 16 OECD countries”. American Journal of Sociology, 107(5): 1244-1299.
  7. Atkinson, Anthony, Andrea Brandolini, y Timothy Smeeding. (2001). “Producing Time Series Data for Income Distribution: Sources, Methods, and Techniques”. Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University.
  8. Atkinson, Anthony. B. (2003). “Income inequality in OECD countries: Data and explanations”. CESifo Economic Studies, 49(4): 479-513.
  9. Atkinson, Anthony B., Thomas Piketty, y Emmanuel Saez (2011). “Top incomes in the long run of history”. Journal of economic literature, 49(1): 3-71.
  10. Atkinson, Anthony. B. (2015). Inequality: what can be done? Harvard University Press, ISBN 9780-674-28-7037, 398 p.
  11. Bluestone, Barry, y Bennett Harrison. (1982). The deindustrialization of America: Plant closings, community abandonment, and the dismantling of basic industry (Vol. 312). New York: Basic Books.
  12. Bourguignon, François. (2017). The globalization of inequality. Princeton University Press.
  13. Deininger, Klaus, y Lyn Squire. (1996). “A new data set measuring income inequality”. The World Bank Economic Review, 10(3): 565-591.
  14. Dollar, David, y Aart Kraay. (2001). Trade, growth, and poverty. World Bank, Development Research Group, Macroeconomics and Growth.
  15. Dollar, David. (2004). Globalization, poverty, and inequality since 1980. The World Bank.
  16. Faraway, Julian J. (2016). Extending the linear model with R: generalized linear, mixed effects and nonparametric regression models. (Vol. 124). Chapman and Hall/CRC.
  17. Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou, y Nina Pavcnik. (2007). “Distributional effects of globalization in developing countries”. Journal of economic Literature, 45(1): 39-82.
  18. Han, Jun, Runjuan Liu, y Junsen Zhang. (2012). “Globalization and wage inequality: Evidence from urban China”. Journal of international Economics, 87(2): 288-297.
  19. Harrison, Ann, y Gordon Hanson (1999). “Who gains from trade reform? Some remaining puzzles”1. Journal of development Economics, 59(1): 125-154.
  20. Heathcote, Jonathan, Kjetil Storesletten, y Giovanni L. Violante (2017). “Optimal tax progressivity: An analytical framework”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 132(4): 1693-1754.
  21. Helpman, Elhanan, Oleg Itskhoki, y Stephen Redding. (2010). “Inequality and unemployment in a global economy”. Econometrica, 78(4): 1239-1283.
  22. International Monetary Fund (2007). Globalization and Inequality. En World Economic Outlook, Washington DC. 31–65.
  23. Jaumotte, Florence, Subir Lall, y Chris Papageorgiou. (2013). “Rising income inequality: technology, or trade and financial globalization?” IMF Economic Review, 61(2):271-309.
  24. Jeon, Kiyoung, y Zeynep Kabukcuoglu. (2018). “Income inequality and sovereign default”. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 95:211-232.
  25. Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay, y Massimo Mastruzzi. (2009). Governance matters VIII: aggregate and individual governance indicators, 1996-2008. The World Bank
  26. Kuznets, Simon. (1955). “Economic growth and income inequality”. The American economic review, 45(1): 1-28
  27. Lawrence, Robert Z, Matthew J. Slaughter, Robert E. Hall, Steven J. Davis y Robert H. Topel. (1993). “International trade and American wages in the 1980s: giant sucking sound or small hiccup?” Brookings papers on economic activity. Microeconomics, 1993(2):161-226.
  28. McLachlan, Goeffrey J.(1999). "Mahalanobis distance." Resonance 4.6 (1999): 20-26.
  29. Milanovic, Branko. (2016). Global Inequality: A New Approach for the Age of Globalization. Harvard University Press.
  30. Nissanke, Machiko, y Erik Thorbecke (2007). “Channels and policy debate in the globalization–inequality–poverty nexus”. The Impact of Globalization on the World’s Poor. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 22-55.
  31. North, Douglass C. (1990). “A transaction cost theory of politics”. Journal of theoretical politics, 2(4): 355-367.
  32. Palma, José Gabriel, y Joseph E. Stiglitz. (2016). “Do nations just get the inequality they deserve? The “Palma ratio” re-examined”. Inequality and Growth: Patterns and Policy (pp. 35-97). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  33. Ravallion, Martin. (2003). “The debate on globalization, poverty and inequality: why measurement matters”. International Affairs, 79(4): 739-753.
  34. Rokach, Lior, y Oded Z. Maimon. (2008). Data mining with decision trees: theory and applications (Vol. 69). World scientific.
  35. Shahbaz, Muhammad (2010). “Income inequality-economic growth and non-linearity: a case of Pakistan”. International Journal of Social Economics, 37(8): 613-636.
  36. Solt, Frederick. (2016). “The standardized world income inequality database”. Social science quarterly, 97(5): 1267-1281.
  37. Stiglitz, Joseph. E. (2010). El malestar en la globalización. Taurus.
  38. Stolper, Wolfgang F., y Paul A. Samuelson. (1941). “Protection and real wages”. The Review of Economic Studies, 9(1): 58-73.